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U.S. Medical Schools and Teaching Hospitals -- Innovations in Research and Medical Care

All Data Compiled by the American Association of Medical Colleges

Date Medical Advance Institution State
1810  Published the first textbook of anatomy  The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine  Pennsylvania 
1813  Offered the first American pediatric course at Yale Medical College  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1829  Published the first pathology textbook in 1829  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1840  Established a medical school-owned and operated teaching ward.  Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine  South Carolina 
1860  First U.S. medical school to share facilities/governance with a hospital to make use of bedside teaching of medical students  State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn  New York 
1875  Established the specialty of dermatology  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1888  First detected intestinal perforation by inflation with hydrogen gas  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center  Illinois 
1889  Introduced the use of decalcified bone plates in intestinal anastomosis  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center  Illinois 
1889  Introduced the rubber glove for use during surgery  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1892  The founders of the Mayo Clinic pioneered the concept of the fully salaried, integrated group practice of medicine  Mayo Medical School  Minnesota 
1893  Created the first model for training and education of the mentally retarded  Tufts University School of Medicine  Massachusetts 
1894  Developed the muscle-splitting incision for appendectomies  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center  Illinois 
1894  Established the first laboratory within a hospital  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center Pennsylvania 
1896  First clinical x-ray in America  Dartmouth Medical School  New Hampshire 
1897  Isolated epinephrine -- adrenalin  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1897  Developed a procedure for exposing the gallbladder for surgery without severing important nerves  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center  Illinois 
1900s  Introduced the concept of ecological succession  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1901  Published a landmark paper describing a bleeding disorder, telangiectasia, as hereditary  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1904  Performed the first organ transplantation  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1906  Discovered the cause of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1906  Demonstrated that islets of Langerhans were specialized elements of the pancreas and developed staining methods that distinguished between alpha cells and the beta cells that produce insulin; later developed techniques to disassemble cells and isolate ce  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1907  Developed the first cystoscope for children  Mount Sinai School of Medicine  New York 
1910  Discovered sickle cell anemia  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Rush Medical College  Illinois 
1910  First identified the endemic form of typhus fever (Brill's disease)  Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York  New York 
1910  Demonstrated that typhus is caused by an organism carried by lice  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1910  Pioneered the study of animal social interactions  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1912  Delineated the clinical features of obstruction of the coronary arteries  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center  Illinois 
1913  Developed the first successful renal dialysis in an animal model  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1913  Pioneered the development of the EKG machine  The University of Michigan Medical Center  Michigan 
1914  Invented the first modern electric ophthalmoscope  Mount Sinai School of Medicine  New York 
1914  Developed the isolation and crystallization of thyroxine, the hormone of the thyroid gland  Mayo Medical School  Minnesota 
1914  First to measure the level of glucose in the blood  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1915  Developed a method for blood preservation and transfusion  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1915  First described the use of sodium citrate to prevent blood from clotting  Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York  New York 
1916  Discovered heparin, a drug used to prevent blood coagulation, now widely used in the treatment of thrombosis and in cardiac surgery  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1919  Introduced the use of peruterine insufflation of the fallopian tubes for the diagnosis and treatment of sterility in women (Rubin test)  Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York  New York 
1919  Developed mercurochrome, a widely used antiseptic  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1919  Established the nation's first cardiac clinic  The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine  Pennsylvania 
1920  Site of the first electrocardiograph used in this country  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1920s  Provided a new understanding of tuberculosis after reproducing the disease in lung tissue isolated from rabbits and tracing the entire progress of the disease under the microscope  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1920s  Invention of the oxygen tent and development of the Whipple procedure, a standard surgical technique to treat cancer of the pancreas  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1920s  Discovered and developed the absorptive agent silica gel, which became a key ingredient in many industrial processes  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1923  Discovered the cause of scarlet fever  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Rush Medical College, and McCormick Institute  Illinois 
1923  First use of ethylene oxygen anesthesia in surgery  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center  Illinois 
1924  Pioneered the development of iodized salt as a goiter preventive  University of Michigan Medical School  Michigan 
1925  First description of hemolytic thrombocytopenic purpura (Moschcowitz disease)  Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York  New York 
1925  Developed the test to assess susceptibility to scarlet fever  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Rush Medical College, and McCormick Institute  Illinois 
1927  Modern diagnostic test for syphilis discovered at the Boston Dispensary  Tufts University School of Medicine  Massachusetts 
1929  Development of the first cardiac stress test, the Master Two-Step  Mount Sinai School of Medicine  New York 
1929  First successful use of hormone therapy to treat prostate cancer  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1929  Established an outpatient clinic, the Martin Maloney Clinic  University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine  Pennsylvania 
1929  Discovery of the essential fatty acids (EFA)  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1929  surgical procedure for undescended testis  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center  Illinois 
1930  Showed that most cases of surgical shock are caused by loss of blood  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1930s  Researchers dominated the investigation of new treatments for inflammatory bowel disease -- ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1930s  Successfully made a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus that eventually became known as "scuba"  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1930s  First identification of cystic fibrosis; first corneal transplant; discovery of the lifesaving effects of salt to treat Addison's disease; first use of Dilantin to treat epilepsy; NY State Psychiatric Institute develops scoring techniques for the Rorschac  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1931  First U.S. midwifery training program  State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn  New York 
1932  Bingham Associates Program for training rural doctors established served as legislative inspiration for the Hill-Burton Construction Act in 1946 as well as the regional medical program passed by Congress in 1967  Tufts University School of Medicine  Massachusetts 
1932  First description of regional enteritis, an inflammatory disease of the intestine (Crohn's disease)  Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York  New York 
1934  First use of gastroscope in U.S.  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine Illinois 
1937  Discovered processes that would lead to the oral contraceptive  University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine  Pennsylvania 
1938  First use of heparin for thrombotic disease in humans  Cornell University Medical College  New York 
1938  First successful development of the prototype heart-lung machine  Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1940  First successful catheterization of the human heart, which earned two researchers the Nobel Prize  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1940  Developed the "rate depletion model," used to determine the minimum daily requirements of the essential amino acids and of calories and potassium. Also discovered the relationship between a storage of dietary protein and decreased immune function  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1940s  Development of the powerful antibiotic bacitracin  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1940s  First bone marrow transplant performed  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1940s  Discovery of prothrombin and thrombin, enzymes that play a key role in the process of blood coagulation  Wayne State University School of Medicine  Michigan 
1940s  Development of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1942  First clinical use of penicillin; first use of chemotherapy as a cancer treatment  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1942  Developed chloroquine as a treatment for malaria  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1943  Location of the most extensive early clinical trials of penicillin  Boston University Medical Center  Massachusetts 
1943  First successful use of cancer chemotherapy to treat advanced Hodgkin's disease  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1943  Diagnosis and management of chancroid granuloma inguinale and lymphogranuloma venereum in general practice  Medical College of Georgia  Georgia 
1943  One of the first to test mustard gas as a treatment for terminally ill patients with lymphoma and leukemia  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1943  Demonstrated that ulcers are caused by excess secretion of normal gastric juice and developed the vagotomy for the treatment of ulcers  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1944  Developed "blue-baby" surgery and the first cardiac surgery  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1944  Introduced the drug treatment of hyperthyroidism  Tufts University School of Medicine  Massachusetts 
1944  Achieved the first fertilization of a human ovum in a test tube  Free Hospital for Women & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1945  Devised a technique for purifying ACTH  Tufts University School of Medicine  Massachusetts 
1945  First used streptomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis in humans  Cornell University Medical College  New York 
1946  First U.S. hospital to allow rooming-in (healthy newborns stay in rooms with mothers)  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1947  First successful leukemia remission  Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1947  The Kolf-Brigham artificial kidney machine is the first to be developed and perfected for clinical use in the United States  Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1947  Immunized chimpanzees with inactivated vaccines, essential to the development of the first widely used polio vaccine and a major step toward the prevention of poliomyelitis in human beings  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1948  Discovered Dramamine's effectiveness in alleviating motion sickness  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1949  First description of allergic granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss disease)  Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York  New York 
1949  First use of mass spectrometry to monitor the concentration of anesthetic vapors during surgery  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1949  The polio virus was grown in a culture, which led to the development of a successful polio vaccine  Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1949  Developed Hank's solution to meet the needs of cells growing in tissue culture, dramatically extending the possibilities of in vitro cultivation of many types of cells  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1949  First U.S. hospital to introduce natural childbirth as a general service for all obstetrical patients  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1949  The first artificial heart pump  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1950  The first human bone marrow transplants  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1950  Identification of psychosomatic disease and its psychiatric correlates  University of Illinois College of Medicine - Chicago  Illinois 
1950  The isolation, characterization, and synthesis of the adrenal cortical hormone cortisone  Mayo Medical School  Minnesota 
1950  First use of rauwolfia in the treatment of hypertension  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1950s  First lithium clinic in the U.S. opens at the N.Y. State Psychiatric Institute to treat manic-depression illness; development of the first total shoulder prosthesis  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1950s  Developed nuclear medicine technology  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1950s  First described narcolepsy, the inability to stay awake  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1950s  Pioneered the principles for such diagnostic imaging as computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and SPECT scanners  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1950s  Developed and pioneered the principles for such diagnostic imaging as computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and SPECT scanners.  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1950s  Developed and pioneered the principles for such diagnostic imaging as computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and SPECT scanners.  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1950s  Developed and pioneered the principles for such diagnostic imaging as computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and SPECT scanners.  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1951  Performed the removal of the ovaries and adrenal glands for the regression/remission of advanced breast cancer  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1951  Developed the concept for combination drug therapy  University of Wisconsin Medical School  Wisconsin 
1951  Development of the first practical heart-lung machine to be used during open-heart surgery  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Ohio 
1951  First to show a link between smoking and lung cancer  Washington University School of Medicine  Missouri 
1952  First successful open-heart operation  Wayne State University School of Medicine  Michigan 
1952  Virginia Apgar develops the Apgar score, an international standard for assessing a newborn's health  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1952  First external cardiac pacemaker  Beth Israel Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1952  First successful direct-vision open-heart operation (closure under hypothermia of an atrial secundum defect)  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1952  Initiated the isolation and purification of the growth hormone  Tufts University School of Medicine  Massachusetts 
1952  Hosted the first televised operation broadcast on WPTZ-TV  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1952  Designed and tested the first cobalt-60 unit for more effective, less expensive radiotherapy for cancer patients  University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center  Texas 
1953  First successful carotid endarterectomy  Baylor College of Medicine  Texas 
1953  First sleep studies: identified rapid eye movement (REM)  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1954  First successful kidney transplant  Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital  Massachusetts 
1954  First surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1954  First successful controlled cross-circulation open-heart surgery  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1954  Showed that retrolental fibroplasia, which causes blindness in premature infants, was related to high concentrations of oxygen used in babies' incubators  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1955  First spinal cord rehabilitation center in a private institution  Boston University Medical Center  Massachusetts 
1955  Nation's first intensive care unit established at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center  Dartmouth Medical School  New Hampshire 
1955  Fetal heart monitoring used for the first time  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1955  Designed flow meter  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1955  Submitted for publication a description of reversible protein phosphorylation as a biochemical on-off switch in cells, a fundamental discovery basic to the understanding of normal cell activities and abnormal changes, as occur in cancer  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1956  Pioneered the use of the square wave electromagnetic flow meter, providing a more accurate means of measuring blood flow  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1956  Developed the free radical theory of aging, mutation, and cancer  University of Nebraska College of Medicine  Nebraska 
1956  First use of thiazide diuretics in the treatment of hypertension  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1956  Definition of autoimmune disease and the role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of various disease states, such as glomerulonephritis  State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences  New York 
1957  First percutaneous kidney biopsy in a child  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1957  Development of a blood test for the detection of syphilis  Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1957  Standard technique for total ear reconstruction developed  Dartmouth Medical School  New Hampshire 
1957  Linked a single gene defect to symptoms of Marfan syndrome  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1957  Development of the oral polio vaccine  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati Medical Center  Ohio 
1957  Synthesized the anti-cancer drug fluorouracil  University of Wisconsin Medical School  Wisconsin 
1957  First successful use of an artificial pacemaker to treat heart block  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1958  Developed the theory of HDL/LDL cholesterol  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1958  Development of the first techniques for fetal monitoring; laid the scientific groundwork for the non-invasive imaging technologies known as computer-assisted tomography (CAT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)  University of California - Los Angeles School of Medicine  California 
1958  The world's first successful replacement of a heart valve with an artificial valve  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1958  Developed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1958  Developed CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the technique of closed-chest cardiac massage to keep inert or fibrillating hearts pumping blood  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1958  Demonstrated immunosuppresant property of 6-mercaptopurine (allowing for oral treatment of transplant recipients)  Tufts University School of Medicine  Massachusetts 
1958  Developed theory of HDL/LDL cholesterol.  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1959  Developed the standard experimental animal model of hormone-sensitive breast cancer  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1959  Development of radioimmunoassay  Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York  New York 
1959  Development of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for separating proteins  Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York  New York 
1959  Discovery of melatonin  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1959  Development of the first successful internal cardiac pacemaker  State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  New York 
1959  Introduction of amniocentesis to the United States  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1960  First intensive care unit for newborns  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1960  Invention of the Scribner Shunt, allowing for long-term dialysis in people with end-stage kidney disease  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1960  The first live, attenuated polio vaccine developed  University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Ohio 
1960s  Developed Retin-A for both acne and wrinkles  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1960s  Developed cognitive therapy, in which empirical hypothesis testing is used to correct psychological disorders  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1960s  Laid the groundwork in the field of cancer genetics after discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome, the first chromosome linked to cancer  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1960s  Development of the "treadmill test" for evaluation of heart function  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1960s  Initial discovery of AZT  Wayne State University School of Medicine  Michigan 
1960s  Laid the foundation for the FDA's adoption of "Sun Protection Factor" (SPF) ratings  University of Wisconsin Medical School  Wisconsin 
1960s First vaccine for Rh disease in the newborn  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1960s  First sampling of fetal capillary blood to determine oxygen status during labor  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1960s  Research leading to the first human protocols to dissolve gallstones with oral medications as an alternative to surgery  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1960s  Developed oral rehydration therapy, which replaces food and electrolytes lost from the body during diarrheal disease  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1961  Described the structure and function of the complement system, a complex set of enzymes that play an important role in human immunological defenses against cancer, bacteria, and viruses  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1961  Discovery of a new pharmaceutical agent for the induction of ovulation in anovulatory women  Medical College of Georgia  Georgia 
1961  The Brattleboro rat, a laboratory model for diabetes insipidus, discovered  Dartmouth Medical School  New Hampshire 
1961  Demonstrated the cavity-fighting ability of fluoride in drinking water which led to the widespread fluoridation of municipal water supplies.  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1962  Direct electrical current was first used to restore the normal rhythm of the heart  Peter Bent Brigham Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1962  First demonstration of excessive androgen production from the ovary in hirsutism and virilism and methods for distinguishing excessive androgens from the adrenal and the ovary  Medical College of Georgia  Georgia 
1962  Developed new method for determining progestational activity of synthetic compounds in the human  Medical College of Georgia  Georgia 
1962  Development of the techniques for nerve transplantation  The University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine  California 
1963  Development of the test for ahenylketonuria in newborn infants  State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  New York 
1963  First medical use of the laser  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1963  Demonstrated the role of dendrites in normal and abnormal cognitive development  Albert Einstein College of Medicine  New York 
1963  Site of the first human lung transplant  University of Mississippi School of Medicine  Mississippi 
1963  First to successfully use a mechanical ventilator to save the life of a premature infant born with respiratory distress syndrome. The feat revolutionized the care of such babies and is largely responsible for the development of modern neonatal intensive  University of Pennsylvania Medical Center  Pennsylvania 
1963  Biochemists reported of the chemical structure of trypsin for publication by the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences." Trypsin is an enzyme vital to the digestion of proteins  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1964  Direct electrical current was first used to restore the normal rhythm of the heart  Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1964  Freezing of blood made practical  Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1964  Establishment of the etiologic link between asbestos and cancer  Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York  New York 
1964  Site of the first large-scale mathematical model of the circulation integrating cardiovascular function with other body systems  University of Mississippi School of Medicine  Mississippi 
1964  Demonstrated the association between reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the presence of heart disease  Albert Einstein College of Medicine  New York 
1964  Performed the first aortocoronary bypass with an autogenous saphenous vein graft  Baylor College of Medicine  Texas 
1964  Established the nation's first federally funded hemodialysis program  State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn  New York 
1964  Site of the world's first xenotransplantation  University of Mississippi School of Medicine  Mississippi 
1964  First surgery on a fetus in utero  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1964  Dr. Jesse Meredith became the first American surgeon to successfully reimplant a patient's severed hand  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1965  First to reattach a severed hand  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center  Illinois 
1965  Developed technology for accurate assessment of bone mineral loss first used in early extended space missions and now routinely in diagnosis of osteoporosis  University of Wisconsin Medical School  Wisconsin 
1965  Discovery of the first "prohormone" proinsulin -- establishing the methodology for modern protein biosynthesis and the basis for drugs to treat diabetes  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1965  Demonstrated that mice with different tissue types differ in their resistance to virus-induced leukemia and showed which histocompatibility locus was responsible  Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University  New York 
1965  Initiated the community health center movement  Tufts University School of Medicine  Massachusetts 
1965  Achieved synthesis of proinsulin  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1966  First to demonstrate the antibody nature of Factor VIII inhibitors  Wayne State University School of Medicine  Michigan 
1966  Developed a phrenic nerve pacemaker that lets quadriplegics breathe without a respirator  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1966  First successful pancreas transplant  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1966  Demonstrated the role of nicotine in producing arteriosclerosis and arterial thrombosis  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital  Illinois 
1966  First prosthetic heart valve  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1967  First successful liver transplant in the world  University of Colorado Health Science Center; University of Colorado School of Medicine  Colorado 
1968  First adult human heart transplant in the U.S.  Stanford University School of Medicine  California 
1968  First identified genital herpes due to a new herpes simplex virus type 2  Emory University School of Medicine  Georgia 
1968  Leadership role in the Framingham Heart Study  Boston University Medical Center  Massachusetts 
1968  First to use ultrasound in the detection of prostate cancer  Wake Forest University Hospital  North Carolina 
1968  First successful bone marrow transplant  University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic; University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1968  Assigned the first gene -- the Duffy blood group -- to a specific chromosome, setting off worldwide interest in gene mapping  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1969  Discovered restriction enzymes, the "biochemical scissors," and showed that they cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences and could be used to analyze DNA, thus giving birth to the entire new field of genetic engineering. The discoverers were awarded the  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1969  Developed the first clinically useful argon photocoagulator, providing ophthalmologists with a technique for repairing damaged retinal vasculature  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1969  Development of an influenza vaccine, the first genetically engineered vaccine  Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York  New York 
1969  Invention of the implantable drug pump  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1969  Creation of Medic One -- the emergency response system  University of Washington Harborview Medical Center  Washington 
1969  Survival rate of premature infants increased dramatically  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1970  Pioneered biochemistry/genetics of diabetes  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1970  Established the first academic program for emergency medicine in the nation  University of Southern California School of Medicine  California 
1970  The world's first artificial gut patient received lifesaving treatment  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1970  Kidney Transplant Registry established  University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine  California 
1970  Determined the cause of Crigler-Najjar syndrome  Tufts University School of Medicine  Massachusetts 
1970s  Invention of the Gatorade sports beverage  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1970s  Sponsored the nation's first telephone-based cancer help line  University of Wisconsin Medical School  Wisconsin 
1970s  Role of gastrin in the development of peptic ulcers discovered  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1970s  Developed sintered titanium mesh material for use in cementless hip and knee joint implants  University of Illinois College of Medicine - Chicago; Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center  Illinois 
1970s  First successful transfer of genes from one cell to another  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1970s  Pioneered limb-saving surgery for osteogenic sarcoma. A fast-growing cancer most common in children.  University of Florida College of Medicine Florida 
1970s  Developed a mathematical model of the evolutionary biology of aging, demonstrating the declining impact of the forces of natural selection with age. Also showed that animals with a longer life span had reduced early reproductivity output  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1970s  The role of gastrin in the development of peptic ulcers is discovered.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1970s  UCSF team first to perform surgery on fetus  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1970s  Third oldest program in the nation for in vitro fertilization embryo transfer (IVF-ET)  University of Texas - Houston Medical School  Texas 
1970s  Pioneered the elucidation of control of testicular function  University of Texas - Houston Medical School  Texas 
1970s  Pioneered understanding of neuroendocrine control of the menstrual cycle  University of Texas - Houston Medical School  Texas 
1971  National leadership in developing an emergency medical system  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1972  Identified the first genetic translocation responsible for cancer  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1972  Started the first hospital-based comprehensive screening program for sickle cell anemia in the U.S.  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1972  Invented the first implantable, rechargeable pacemaker for cardiac disorders  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1972  Developed the first rapid, accurate screening test to detect lead poisoning  Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin  Wisconsin 
1972  A new technique for the long-term preservation of human corneas before transplantation  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1972  Identified the sites where heroin and other opiates act in the brain, a discovery that has important applications for the treatment of drug addicts and for the screening and development of new and potentially nonaddictive pain-killing drugs  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1973  Developed the first method for routinely visualizing the choroid blood vessels of the eye  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1973  First culture of human endothelial cells leading to the development of modern vascular biology  Cornell University Medical College  New York 
1973  First use of a laser to remove growths from the larynx  Boston University Medical Center  Massachusetts 
1973  Identification of fetal alcohol syndrome University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1973  Deveoped genetic engineering that created scientific possibilities, spawned industry  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1973  Published the response to injury hypothesis of the origin of atherosclerosis in "Science," a theory that sparked blood vessel research around the world  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1974  Research group published findings of a platelet-dependent growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of smooth muscle cells of the artery  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1974  In "Transactions on Biomedical Engineering," researchers published the first reports of ultrasonic duplex scanning for arterial and venous disorders, an important advance in diagnostic ultrasound  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1974  Pioneered the management of penetrating wounds of the heart  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1974  Developed the imaging technology known as positron emission tomography (PET)  University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine & Washington University School of Medicine  California & Missouri 
1974  Development of photochemotherapy, a new treatment for skin diseases (particularly psoriasis) that combined drugs and artificial light  Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1974  First to discover recombinant DNA (together with Stanford), the seminal step in the creation of the biotechnology industry and the rejuvenation of the field of biology  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1975  Provided the first successful demonstration of the effect of a planned health education program on decreasing morbidity and mortality from a chronic disease (hypertension)  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1975  Invented the first microcomputer-controlled implantable medical delivery system  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1975  First use of angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1975  The co-developer of the meningococcal vaccine; initiated first field trials in Connecticut in civilians and children which precipitated field trials in other countries and led to a USDA license  University of Connecticut School of Medicine  Connecticut 
1975  Developed a durable artificial hip, called the 22-chamber cylinder design  University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine  California 
1975 Developed the first successful treatment to desensitize people against bee stings  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1975  Lyme disease identified and named  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1975  Discovered RNA/DNA reverse transcription process fundamental to AIDS and cancer research and treatment  University of Wisconsin Medical School  Wisconsin 
1975  Prenatal testing born at UCSF  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1975  Management of the flail chest without mechanical ventilation  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1975  Developed x-ray digital angiography to permit imaging of blood vessels in less invasive fashion for patients  University of Wisconsin Medical School  Wisconsin 
1976  Published the first of a two-part article on "The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis," thereby putting the medical school at the research forefront on the origins of hardened arteries  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1976  Seeds of cancer found in genes of all people  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1976  Performed the first total shoulder replacement  University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine  California 
1976  First to demonstrate conclusively that there was closed as well as open circulation in the spleen  Wayne State University School of Medicine  Michigan 
1976  First to demonstrate the effectiveness of a chronic, prophylactic exchange transfusion program to prevent recurrent strokes in patients with sickle cell anemia  Wayne State University School of Medicine  Michigan 
1976  Discovered that ketoacids as a substitute for dietary protein were useful in forestalling dialysis in kidney failure and in treating protein depletion or intolerance  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1976  Developed the first successful treatment to desensitize people against bee stings  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1976  Human growth hormone isolated  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1976  First to develop prenatal tests for sickle cell anemia and thalassemia  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1976  First to discover oncogenes, cancer-causing genes whose normal function has gone awry  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1977  First to clone an insulin gene into bacteria, leading to the mass production of recombinant human insulin to treat diabetes  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1977  Porous-coated hip implant developed  Dartmouth Medical School  New Hampshire 
1977  First use of a relatively high dose rate irradiation using a linear accelerator for total body irradiation  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1977  Produced the first human images with a magnetic resonance imager and, in collaboration with SUNY Stony Brook, pioneered in the creation of MRI from NMR  State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn College of Medicine  New York 
1977  Characterized and discovered the biochemical basis of apparent mineralocorticoid excess disease  Cornell University Medical College  New York 
1977  Angioplasty pioneered  Emory University School of Medicine  Georgia 
1977  Cure for testicular cancer identified  Indiana University School of Medicine  Indiana 
1977  Isolated the hormone erythropoietin  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1978  First to perform radial keratotomy to correct myopia  Wayne State University School of Medicine  Michigan 
1978  Developed an insulin infusion pump for diabetics  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1978  Discovered the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and later identified it as nitric oxide  State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn College of Medicine  New York 
1978  First immune system hormone (IL-2) isolated and characterized  Dartmouth Medical School  New Hampshire 
1978  Discovered restriction enzymes, the "Biochemical scissors" that ushered in the field of genetic engineering  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1978  Popularized the use of pre-operative irradiation in the treatment of rectal cancer.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1979  Human growth hormone held promise of normal life for children.  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1979  Developed the technique of needle catheter jejunostomy for enteral nutrition  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1979  Studied the effects of drug abuse on reproduction  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1979  First to synthesize human growth hormone and clone into bacteria, setting the stage for genetically engineered human growth hormone  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1979  First to discover that a missing substance called surfactant was the culprit in the death of newborns with respiratory distress syndrome; first to develop a synthetic substitute for surfactant, reducing death rates significantly  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1979  First used the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin-A, now standard therapy for organ-transplant patients, for the treatment of kidney-transplant patients  Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1979  Identification of human prostate-specific antigen and later development of the PSA blood test for prostate cancer  State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Roswell Park Cancer Institute  New York 
1979  Identified the mechanism of action of Taxol, the first effective anti-cancer agent for use in the treatment of ovarian cancer  Albert Einstein College of Medicine  New York 
1979  First toll free hotline for epilepsy information  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1979  Research laid the foundation for systematic screening (prenatal chromosomal) for Down's syndrome  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1980  Research team, headed by Dr. Vardaman Buckalew, discovered endoxin, an endogenous hormone thought to be the cause of one type of hypertension  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1980  Produced the first article on the Emergency Department Radiation Accidents Protocol -- adopted by the AMA and used throughout the world  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1980  Development of artificial lung surfactant, increasing the rate of survival for premature infants  University of California at San Francisco Medical Center and Mt. Zion Medical Center, & University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine  California 
1980  Demonstrated that human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is maternally inherited  Emory University School of Medicine  Georgia 
1980  First hospital in the world to open an acute spinal cord injury intensive care unit  Northwestern Memorial Hospital  Illinois 
1980  First use of angiotension converting enzyme in the treatment of congestive heart failure  Boston University Medical Center  Massachusetts 
1980  Identified a protein that controls the assembly and disassembly of structures responsible for the shape and movement of living cells, a major contribution to understanding fundamental mechanisms of cell motility, one of the most important programs in cell  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1980  Analyzed and characterized the genetics of herpes simples virus  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1980  Development of BCG immunotherapy for superficial transitional bladder cell carcinoma  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1980  Demonstrated that interferon is an effective treatment for renal cell cancer, hairy cell leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia  University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center  Texas 
1980  Researchers identified the protein subunits of the sodium channel, a molecule that initiates and transmits electrical signals in the brain and heart. Channel problems can lead to epilepsy pain or heart trouble  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1980  UC Medical Center's Stroke team led some of the first tPA studies in the country and established a protocol for quick diagnosis and treatment for stroke victims  University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Ohio 
1980s  UC's taste and smell research gained national recognition  University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Ohio 
1980s  Discovery of lung proteins needed by premature babies, and development of a surfactant preparation containing these proteins  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Ohio 
1980s  Discovered the pivotal role blood platelets play in causing coronary artery disease.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1980s  Involved with other major medical centers in introducing the concept of up-front hormonal therapy prior to radical surgery to remove the prostate.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1980s  Developed a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and minor surgery that proved successful in enabling many patients with invasive bladder cancer to avoid the need for bladder removal and experience survival rates equal to patients undergoing tra  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1980s  First to establish the benefits of parenteral intravenous nutrition in the care of malnourished cancer patients.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1980s  Coronary angioplasty pioneered  Emory University School of Medicine  Georgia 
1980s  Demonstrated that synthetic vitamin A analogs (retinoids) can reverse premalignant lesions  University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center  Texas 
1980s  Among the first four centers in the U.S. to test cyclosporine (CsA) for transplantation purposes University of Texas - Houston Medical School  Texas 
1981  First description of the major cause of toxic shock syndrome  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1981  Diagnosed the first case of pediatric AIDS in the world  Albert Einstein College of Medicine  New York 
1981  Balloon angioplasty pioneered  Emory University School of Medicine  Georgia 
1981  Physicians described and reported the nation's first cases of AIDS  University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine  California 
1981  Development of the first artificial skin made from living human cells  Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1981  World's first Pediatric Trauma Center established  Tufts University School of Medicine  Massachusetts 
1981  First successful human combined heart/lung transplant in the world  Stanford University School of Medicine  California 
1981  First to develop catheter ablation therapy for tachycardia, which cures "racing" hearts without surgery  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1981  Developed a heat-shrinkable polymer used as a sleeve, which took the place of sutures in vascular surgery  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1981  First successful surgery on a fetus still in the mother's womb  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1981  First continuous-infusion pump to deliver pain management drugs implanted in a patient  Dartmouth Medical School  New Hampshire 
1981  Discovery of the proteasome (multicatalytic protease), the major regulated mechanism for protein degradation in the cell  Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York  New York 
1982  Frameless stereotactic surgery pioneered, the technigue of interactive, image-guided neurosurgery using a computer to replace the cumbersome stereotactic frame that had to be attached to the head  Dartmouth Medical School  New Hampshire 
1982  Site of the first federally funded study of HIV transmission from mother to fetus  State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn College of Medicine  New York 
1982  First to discover and name prions, a new kind of infectious agent that may be responsible for a variety of neurodegenerative diseases  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1982  Developed a prenatal test for detecting sickle cell disease  Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1982  First to implant a computerized, programmable morphine pump in the abdomen of a cancer patient to relieve pain  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center  Illinois 
1982  Establishment of the San Antonio Heart Study, resulting in the characterization of the epidemiology of many aspects of cardiovascular disease  University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  Texas 
1982  First report of the successful use of monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer  Stanford University School of Medicine  California 
1982  Pioneered the first human implantation of a remotely programmable delivery system for peritoneal insulin delivery  University of New Mexico School of Medicine  New Mexico 
1982  First demonstration that the anti-fungal drug amphotericin B could be packaged within liposomes and thereby administered in a non-toxic form  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1982  Entirely new cause of disease discovered. Discovery of a new infectious pathogen composed largely, if not entirely, of protein  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1982  One of the first in vitro fertilization babies in the country was delivered  University of Texas - Houston Medical School  Texas 
1982  The nation?s first federally funded Center for Environmental Genetics  University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Ohio 
1982  Opened epilepsy treatment center provides medical monitoring to pinpoint the exact brain site that is causing seizures, so that the abnormal tissue can be removed through laser surgery  University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Ohio 
1983  UCSF immunologists alerted nation to the danger of an AIDS-tainted blood supply  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1983  Diagnostic peritoneal lavage in evaluating blunt abdominal trauma  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1983  First cloning and sequencing of the human adenosine deaminase gene involved in severe combined immunodeficiency disease  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1983  Among the first three groups in the world to isolate the AIDS virus  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1983  Identification of adhesion molecules on platelets and demonstration of their importance in hemostasis  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1983  Nation's first autologous bone marrow transplant for acute myeloid leukemia performed  Dartmouth Medical School  New Hampshire 
1983  First FDA-approved cementless hip joint prosthesis developed  Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport  Louisiana 
1983  First use of lasers in heart surgery  New England Medical Center, Tufts Medical School  Massachusetts 
1983  First and current treatment for sickle cell disease discovered  University of Illinois College of Medicine - Chicago  Illinois 
1983  First use of pulsed lasers to treat the congenital birthmarks called port wine stains; further laser research led to scar-free removal of moles, tattoos, and wrinkles  Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1983  Among the first to identify HIV as the causative agent in AIDS  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1983  Discovered that pennies-worth of vitamin A supplements administered to Indonesian children as part of a blindness prevention program were accompanied by a dramatic drop in infant death rates, leading to similar vitamin treatments for thousands of children  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1983  Discovered that Oltipraz, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, brussels sprouts, cauliflower), offered protection from the effects of radiation therapy  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1984  First to report a pattern of lymphomas in AIDS patients that has become recognized as a standard symptom of the disease  University of Southern California School of Medicine  California 
1984  New "bloodless" prostatectomy developed that improves retention of potency and continence  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1984  Used ultrasound to measure atherosclerotic buildup on the walls of the carotid artery with sufficient accuracy to determine whether drugs and other treatments were stabilizing or reversing the disease  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1984  Pioneered laryngeal framework surgery (medialization laryngoplasty for paralysis)  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1984  Development of an implantable cardioverter for automatic treatment of ventricular arrhythmias  Indiana University School of Medicine  Indiana 
1984  First successful pediatric heart transplant  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1984  First to implant a computerized, programmable morphine pump in the abdomen of a cancer patient to relieve pain  Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center  Illinois 
1984 Creation of the "OncoMouse," a transgenic mouse that mimics human cancers  Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1984  Pioneered the use of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a gene therapy vector to treat a wide range of human genetic and acquired diseased.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1984  Contribution to the biochemical basis of depression and its pharmacologic therapy  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1984  Developed the Xylose breath test, a quick and easy test designed to detect a potentially life-threatening overgrowth of bacteria in the intestine.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1984  Development of culture techniques for human colon cells  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1984  Paper appeared in "Nature" describing the expression of human growth hormone in transgenice mice. It was the first report of a foreign gene incorporated into a fertilized egg, functional in the resulting offspring, and inherited by the next generation  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1984  Researchers isolated a calcium channel, a molecule that couples electrical signals for other regulators of cell processes. Drugs block the channel to treat high blood pressure, chest pain, and faulty heart rhythms  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1984  Pioneer in the medical applications of lasers. First to have FDA approval to use the YAG laser to vaporize previously inoperable brain tumors  University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Ohio 
1985  Researched the nutritional requirements for premature babies  University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Ohio 
1985  Definition of the effects of calcium entry blocking drugs on myocardial function  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1985  The first patient received EPO, a blood growth factor manufactured through recombinant DNA, to test its effectiveness in correcting the anemia of renal failure  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1985  Demonstration that tumor growth factors TGF(alpha) and TGF (beta) are critical mediators of bone remodeling  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1985  Bioglass (TM) middle-ear prostheses invented and successfully used by UF physicians to restore hearing in human patients with damaged ear bones.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1985  First liver transplant using a segment of a cadaver liver in U.S.  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1985 Development of the Uniform Datasystem for worldwide assessment in medical rehabilitation  State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  New York 
1985  Discovery of the basic mechanism regulating blood cholesterol  University of Texas Southwestern Medical School  Texas 
1985  World's first Fetal Cardiovascular Center  Yale-New Haven Hospital  Connecticut 
1985  Development of erythropoietin (EPO) treatment for the anemia of kidney failure  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1985  First Mass Evacuation Plan presented before Congress passed SARA -- Title III Legislation in 1986 making it mandatory for communities to have a mass evacuation plan  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1985  First successful use of protein-based surfactant replacement therapy for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature newborns  State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences  New York 
1986  Development and use of circulating stem cell transplants to reconstitute hematopoietic function  University of Nebraska College of Medicine  Nebraska 
1986  First description of flesh-eating streptococcal toxic shock syndrome  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1986  Researchers showed that the anti-cancer drug methotrexate is effective in treating severe rheumatoid arthritis. Findings from a 10-year study published in the NEJM led to FDA approval of this drug for RA  Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1986  First to create a hepatitis B vaccine, using recombinant DNA techniques  University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine  California 
1986  Used lithotripsy to break up common duct gallstones  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1986  Cardiologists pioneered the emergency use of angioplasty to prevent heart attacks  University of Michigan Medical Center  Michigan 
1986  First hospital to initiate a lung transplantation program  Northwestern Memorial Hospital  Illinois 
1986  Comparison of prolonged vs. brief bed rest for managing acute low-back pain  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1986  Developed the Human Patient Simulator (TM), a training system which consists of a life-like patient mannequin that can replicate any type and severity of illness in patients. The system enables medical trainees to diagnose clinical problems and equipment  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1986  Demonstrated that synthetic vitamin A analogs (retinoids) can reverse premalignant lesions, which often progress to cancer  University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center  Texas 
1987  Demonstration of the central role of the osteoclast in osteoporosis, Paget's disease of the bone, and multiple myeloma  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1987  Demonstration of the relationship between gallbladder cancer and large gallstones  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1987  Established the effectiveness of adenoidectomy in reducing morbidity in children with chronic otitis media  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1987  First in the nation to use transcranial Doppler ultrasound to study arterial circulation in the brain  Wake Forest University Hospital  North Carolina 
1987  Development of a screening test for sickle cell disease that was recommended for U.S. adoption by an NIH consensus conference  State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  New York 
1987  Bilateral medialization laryngoplasty (for vocal cord bowing)  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1987  Establishment of vigorous standards for comprehensive clinical reviews and meta-analysis, thereby forming the foundation for evidence-based medicine  University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  Texas 
1987  Led early tPA stroke studies in the country; established a protocol for quick diagnosis and treatment for stroke victims  University of Cincinnati Medical Center  Ohio 
1987  Discovery of major cellular motor proteins  University of Massachusetts Medical School  Massachusetts 
1987  Identified the brain receptor for cocaine a key step in developing a potential treatments for cocaine addition  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1987  Discovered that E. coli, a bacterium found in the human gastrointestinal tract, can repair its own DNA when damaged by ultraviolet light, thus providing a method for the investigation of DNA-repair proteins in molecular and cellular biology  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1987  Researchers discovered that the drug ketoconazole made cyclosporine work more effectively, and lowered the amount of cyclosporine needed to keep a transplant from rejecting  University of Cincinnati Medical Center  Ohio 
1987  Invented a pill-size ingestible electronic capsule to telemeter deep-body temperatures  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1987  Discovery of surfactant proteins B and C and their role in surfactant homeostasis  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Ohio 
1987  Identification of the gene on the X-chromosome responsible for muscular dystrophy  Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1988  First repair of congenital abdominal wall defect in the delivery room  Wayne State University School of Medicine  Michigan 
1988  Nationwide epidemiological study demonstrated that a regimen of low-dose aspirin reduces the risk of heart attacks by nearly one-half in otherwise healthy men  Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1988  First use of metrifonate, a cholinesterase inhibitor, for the treatment of Alzheimer?s disease  Southern Illinois University School of Medicine  Illinois 
1988  Characterization of the epidemiology and genetics of type 2 diabetes in Mexican-Americans  University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  Texas 
1988  First dual liver transplant  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1988  Developed rating scale used worldwide in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease  Washington University School of Medicine  Missouri 
1988  Research team, headed by Dr. James Turner, was the first to successfully transplant cells from healthy eyes to retinas of 200 adult rats and cure a disease that otherwise would cause blindness. It points the way to a possible treatment for retinitis pigm  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1988  Performed first successful double-lung transplant  Washington University School of Medicine  Missouri 
1988  Research team, headed by Dr. Louis Kucera, was the first to show that the genital herpes virus and the virus that causes AIDS can reproduce simultaneously in the same white blood cell  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1988  First to implant a newly developed vagal nerve stimulator in a patient in order in control intractable epileptic seizures  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1988  Developed, refined and patented the LINAC Scalpel, a computer-guided radiation therapy system that uses beams of radiation to treat brain tumors and other brain and spine lesions.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1988  First split-liver transplant (one donor, two recipients) in the U.S.  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1988  Helped improve the survival rate for selected cancer patients by refining the use of a sophisticated system for cleansing a patient's bone marrow of malignant cells prior to bone marrow transplantation.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1988  In "Science" researchers published the first report of inner-ear cell regeneration in birds. Before, hearing nerve damage was thought permanent in all adult land animals with spines  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1988  Leader in demonstrating the role of growth factors and cellular oncogenes in the molecular basis of steroid hormone- induced cell proliferation  University of Texas - Houston Medical School  Texas 
1988  Researchers identified the inactivation gate of the sodium channel. This gate closes the channel in a timed sequence, is essential in normal cell signaling, and blocks the channel in response to local anesthetics, heart rhythm drugs, and epilepsy drugs  University of Washington School of Medicine  Washington 
1988  Identified fibrillin gene defect in patients with Marfan syndrome and those with aortic aneurysms that are not from Marfan syndrome  University of Texas - Houston Medical School  Texas 
1988  Identification of the tumor-derived peptide PTH-rP (parathyroid hormone-related protein) as an important mediator of calcium homeostasis and osteolysis in metastatic breast cancer  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1989  Systemic delivery of insulin through the eyes to lower the blood glucose concentration  Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine  Texas 
1989  Identification of fat cell-derived growth factor that promotes adipocyte differentiation and may play a role in obesity  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1989  Detailed characterization of autoimmune mechanisms involved in Sjogren's syndrome  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1989  Showed the effectiveness of infusional chemotherapy for melanomas of the arms and legs in clinical studies.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1989  First Geriatric Research and Training Center in the country  University of Michigan Medical Center  Michigan 
1989  Development of computerized methodology for fabrication of prosthetic limbs for amputees  University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  Texas 
1989  Developed a cure for hepatitis B in cases diagnosed early  `Washington University School of Medicine  Missouri 
1989  First to uncover alcoholism's genetic link  State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn  New York 
1989  Performed the first living-donor liver transplant, and in 1993, the first liver transplant from an unrelated living donor  University of Chicago Medical Center  Illinois 
1989  Development of high-resolution methodologies for visualizing gene expression  University of Massachusetts Medical School  Massachusetts 
1989  Identification of human umbilical cord blood as a suitable source for stem cell transplantation (an alternative to bone marrow transplantation)  Indiana University School of Medicine  Indiana 
1989  Discovered how the brain "hears" -- how bioelectrical signals from the inner ear to the brain are encoded -- findings with important implications not only for understanding the hearing process but also for how the brain operates  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1989  Selected, because of pioneering work in gene mapping, to host the Genome Database, a world registry of knowledge about the genetic basis of physical and chemical differences in humans  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1989  Established the largest database of bladder cancers in the world  University of Southern California School of Medicine  California 
1989  Among the first evidence that diabetes can be prevented in children  University of South Florida Health Sciences Center  Florida 
1989  Researchers produced a synthetic compound that inhibits the growth of blood vessels in tumors  Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1989  First use of laser Doppler flowmetry to determine human tissue blood flow  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1990  First to use gene therapy to reduce hypercholesterolemia in laboratory animals  Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University  New York 
1990  Radio waves directed through a catheter corrected a cardiac rhythm disorder called Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, marking the first pediatric nonsurgical repair of a cardiac arrhythmia  Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1990  Development of single-cell technologies to track and understand HIV-1  University of Minnesota Medical School  Minnesota 
1990  Synthesized a new form of vitamin D, with possible future application as an anti-cancer drug  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1990  Induced apparently normal human brain cells to multiply in the test tube, opening the possibility that such cells could be used in treating neurological diseases  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1990  First to identify a gene associated with severe alcoholism  University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine  California 
1990  Split-liver transplantation for acute hepatic failure performed  University of Nebraska College of Medicine  Nebraska 
1990  Discovered that mitochondrial DNA mutations can cause epilepsy (1990) and the movement disorder dystonia (1994)  Emory University School of Medicine  Georgia 
1990  Synthesized a new form of vitamin D, with possible future application as an anti-cancer drug  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1990  Early use of gene therapy for the treatment of recurring brain tumors  University of Cincinnati Medical Center  Ohio 
1990  Coordination of extensive multi-center clinical trials under the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (SPAF) program, leading to current treatment guidelines  University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  Texas 
1990  The telescoping anastomosis for lung tranplantation  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1990  Development of techniques in a system for total shoulder replacement  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1990  Discovered the first genetic marker for a form of diabetes  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1990  Demonstration of the value of single-lung transplantation in primary pulmonary hypertension  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1990  One of the first centers in the country to use gene therapy for the treatment of recurring brain tumors  University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Ohio 
1990s  Front-runners in gene therapy for vascular diseases as well as for identifying hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease  University of Texas - Houston Medical School  Texas 
1990s  Faculty recognized, national leaders in the cognitive neuroscience of reading, which guides our understanding of how children learn to read  University of Texas - Houston Medical School  Texas 
1990s  Discovered the first known poisonous bird, the hooded pitohui  University of Chicago Medical Center -- The Pritzker School of Medicine  Illinois 
1990s  Developed a new blood test for detecting the very early signs of insulin-dependent diabetes.  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1990s  Developed Symed 2000 (R), a computerized, interactive medical office system that contains information from 12 medical reference books, more than 1,000 medical journals and a leading atlas of human anatomy. The office system can help doctors better inform  University of Florida College of Medicine  Florida 
1991  Demonstration of the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in bone resorption and in mediating paraneoplastic syndromes in human cancers  University of Texas Medical School at San Antonio  Texas 
1991  The first university-based environmental research center in the United States that became nationally known for its lead studies in children  University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Ohio 
1991  Isolation of the first known odor receptors, genes that enable humans to distinguish thousands of odors  Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York 
1991  Developed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine  Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport  Louisiana 
1991  Introduction of a DNA-based test to identify newborns with sickle cell anemia, enabling physicians to begin potentially lifesaving treatment earlier  Baylor College of Medicine  Texas 
1991  Patent for System and Method of Achieving Rapid Wound Healing  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1991  Development of an experimental device to support the liver through acute failure  Baylor College of Medicine  Texas 
1991  Location of gene, and identification of gene mutations, responsible for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a.k.a. Lou Gehrig's disease  Northwestern University Medical School  Illinois 
1991  Development of a computerized cardiac mapping system  Baylor College of Medicine  Texas 
1991  Identification of the gene for Marfan syndrome, an often fatal connective tissue disorder  Mount Sinai School of Medicine  New York 
1991  Cloned the gene for fragile X syndrome, the most common form of inherited mental retardation  Emory University School of Medicine & Baylor College of Medicine  Georgia & Texas 
1991  Announced findings expected to lead to a simple urine test to aid in the early detection of cancer  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Maryland 
1991  First to demonstrate that lowering blood cholesterol can unclog arteries narrowed by atherosclerosis and prove that cholesterol affects arteries directly  University of Southern California School of Medicine  California 
1991  First repair of congenital abdominal wall defect in the delivery room  Wayne State University School of Medicine  Michigan 
1991  Discovery of CSF flow within the central canal of the spinal cord  State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn College of Medicine  New York 
1991  Epidemiological study concluded that estrogen use by postmenopausal women is associated with a reduction in heart disease as well as lower mortality from cardiovascular disease  Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1991  First preimplantation genetic diagnosis using IVF technology in the United States  Cornell University Medical College  New York 
1991  Co-discovery of the gene that causes Marfan syndrome  State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn College of Medicine  New York 
1992  The gene responsible for an early and severe form of hypertension was identified  Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School  Massachusetts 
1992  Pioneered the application of the Guglielmo coil for treating inoperable intracranial aneurysms  State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences  New York 
1992  Development of the techniques for isolation of flagella that have resulted in a widely used model system for studying cilium  University of Massachusetts Medical School  Massachusetts 
1992  Guidelines for managed children's mental health services  East Tennessee State University James H. Quillen College of Medicine  Tennessee 
1992  Proof that genetic discoveries could create mice with Alzheimer's symptoms  University of South Florida Health Sciences Center  Florida 
1992  Pioneering inventions of upper-limb prostheses controlled by muscle electricity, and of control systems that can be used by paralyzed patients to direct wheelchairs, appliances, and other electrical devices  Northwestern University Medical School  Illinois 
1992  First human gene therapy trials outside the NIH  University Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School  Michigan 
1992  Development of the balloon-expandable intravascular stent  University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  Texas 
1992  Huntington's disease gene discovered, allowing development of screening tests  Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital  Massachusetts 
1992  Development of a vaccine for the prevention of Hemophilus influenzae infections  State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  New York 
1992  Patent for Tuned Aperture Computed Tomography (Dr. Richard Webber)  Wake Forest University School of Medicine  North Carolina 
1992  Pioneered the first non-invasive infrared glu